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Statistics
on German, Polish, European & Soviet-Baltic Concentration Camps

Auschwitz

  • Deaths: Numbers vary from 1.5 million to as many as 5 million (Commandant Hoess himself estimated to Eichmann 4 or 5 million)

  • Established: 1940 under Himmler

  • Originally housed Soviet Prisoners: including those processed under Nebel und Nacht.

  • Included Auschwitz I, II and III; Women's Section and Birkenau(II)

  • Slave Labor used extensively in quarries, I.G. Farben and Krupp: IG Farben had factory on site. Slave Labor force of @405,000.

  • Deaths by Gas Chamber, Shootings, Hangings, Disease, both natural and inflicted, Starvation.

  • German Government funded Eugenics Studies: Mengele's Cruel Medical experiments on Twins, Aberrant Genetic forms and infliction of wounds, diseases and conditions such as hypothermia.

  • 4 Gas Chambers

  • 4 Krema, though as deaths increased, outdoor burnings (pyres) were used.

  • Towards End of the War: as many as 20,000 deaths a day.

  • Death March as Soviets moved in: 58,000 estimated: Many died en route.

  • @7600 Prisoners remained as Soviets took Auschwitz.

  • Liberation: January 22, 1945: By the Soviets.

    • Amersfoort

    • Located near Leusden outside of Amersfoort: Community near Meppel which pre-war had several hundred Jews

    • 232 'Mepplers' murdered

    • 1939 Dutch Army builds barracks

    • 8-18-41: Becomes Police 'Prison'/detainment Camp and Deportation Center

    • Total Population: @27,000

    • Guards: Camp SS and Waffen SS: Many from Dachau including leaders

    • Diseases rampant: Dysentery, Typhus, Pneumonia and Lice

    • Population: Gypsies, JWs, Marketeers, Resistance, Clergy, Homosexuals, Illegal Butchers, Jews and Prominent Dutch and Belgian Citizens
    • 65% Died by Firing Squad

    Belzec

    • March 1942: Belzec part of Nazi Lager System

    • April 1, 1942: 15000 Jews transported to Belzec following an Aktion.

    • 1942; Established and completed: Originally designed as a 'holding' center; Was a Killing Center of Mammoth

    •  proportions for most of its existence.

    • 400,000 Deaths estimated. All Jews.

    • Fewest Records of the camps.

    • Execution Forms: Diesel Gassings/asphyxiations, but mostly Electrocutions on Steel Plate Floor.

    • 1943 Closed: Nazis tried to erase evidence of it's existence.

    Bergen-Belsen

    Bialystok

  • GEOGRAPHY: Originally part of Russia; Administered by Russia 1939-45

  • 1945 Poland

  • 1932: 91207 Population; JEWS: 46000 50%

  • 1939: 60,000 JEWS

  • OCCUPATION:September 15 until September 22 1939; Then Soviets Administer under German-Soviet Pact

  • SECOND GERMAN OCCUPATION: June 27, 1941, to July 27, 1944

  • June 27,1941: "Red Friday" 2000 Marched into Synagogue, Synagogue burned:all but one die.

  • July 3, 1941: "Intelligensia" mass executed in field outside town.

  • Judenrat Established: July 26, 1941, and chaired by Rabbi Rosenmann. But his deputy, Ephraim Barash

  • August1, 1941 Ghetto Established

  • August 1942: Organized Underground under: Mordecai Tenenbaum and Daniel Moszkowicz.

  • 1943: August 16-20: Bialystok Ghetto uprising

  • 8-18-43: Mass Deportations: Ghetto Liquidated.

  • DEPORTATIONS: To Treblinka, Majdanek, Poniatowa , Blizyn , Auschwitz

  • 1200 Children to Terezin, then to Auschwitz

  • LIBERATION: August 1944: 200 Inmates survived; 60 Partisans: Several dozen Jews.

  • 1March of the Living: Bialystok

    • Birkenau

  • GEOGRAPHY:Brzezinka, about 2.5 miles from Auschwitz, a subcamp: Part II of Auschwitz

  • ESTABLISHED : 1941

  • 4/5 Kremas, or Crematorium were in Birkenau

  • DEATH STATS:700,000 and 1 million

  • MODE OF DEATH:beatings/torture, disease, exhausting slave labor, gassings, medical experiments and starvation. Hangings and shootings

  • POPULATION:Poles, Gypsies, Jews, some Germans and P.O.Ws, by the end of the war included Hungarian Jews and the Jews from Terezin ; first for male prisoners.

  • Death March: 1944-45: 58,000

  • LIBERATION:Lager was liberated January 27th, 1945

    • .

    Brinlitz-Plaszow

  • Opened: December 1942 outside Krakow

  • January 1944 Formally enters Lager System

  • Total Population: 1942-1945: 150,000

  • Estimated Total Deaths: 80,000: Executions, beatings, Disease, Starvation, Sent to Gas Chambers elsewhere

  • 1943: 24,000

  • October 8,1944: 700 deportees from Gross-Rosen

  • October,1944: 1200 moved to Gross-Rosen

  • Brinlitz: Under Schindler, @1200 workers

  • 300 Women from AuschwitzLiberation: Spetember 5, 1945: Soviets

    • Buchenwald

  • Established: 1937-38

  • Liberated: 5-11-45

  • Camp: One main camp with 130 satellites

  • Deaths: 43,045 (Statistics from Weisenthal Center)

  • Total Prisoners: 238,980

    • CHELMNO

    Dachau

  • 1933: Established,

  • 1945: Liberated:  April

  • 1933: 4800 prisoners

  • 1937: 13,260 prisoners

  • April 1945 67,665 Registered Prisoners

  • Political Prisoners: 43,350

  • Jewish Prisoners: 22,100

  • Total # Prisoners 1933-45: 188,000

  • Death March list: 7000 Prisoners

  • Death Estimates: 28,000 to 35,000  most between 1940-45

    • Dalstroy

    Esterwegen

  • Established: 1923: Prison Camp

  • Established: 1933 by Nazis for punishment of Political Prisoners

  • No known Krema, but several hundred buried in Cemetary located on grounds

  • Report of 30,000 German Army deserters shot there. (Nizkor)

  • Little Information about camp: existence once denied.

    • Flossenberg

    Furstengrube

    Gross-Rosen

    JANOWSKA

  • Existing in 1941, as the factory on Janowska Street in northeast Lvov
  • a system of slave-labor factories-camps.
  • Piaski Ravine, just north of the Camp site of mass killings
  • Jewish inmates from Lvov and the region of Galicia
  • part of the German Armaments Works (Deutsche Ausrustungswerke) carpentry and metal workers were enslaved for the Nazi war effort and killed
  • Tens of thousands killed in the Ravine or in Belzec, many from the closing of the Lvov Ghetto in 1942.
  • November 1943 saw an escape attempt in which 6000 Jews were murdered by the SS.
  • Camp/factory emptied in 1943
  • Conditions: Appells and brutality: Cruelty such as music on the way to executions
  • Most deaths by mass executions in the Ravine
  • Liberation of area came in 1944, Spring.

    • Karaganda

  • Head of Lager factories: mined coal, marble, limestone and sand; cement plant
  • Location:Khazakstan, in flat lands and rolling hills
  • Main Camp of Spassk Population; 60,000
  • 2.4 Million interred in Area between 1941 and 1950
  • Cause of Deaths: Illness, Hunger, Hypothermia, Beatings and Shootings
  • Population: Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Autrians, Romainians, Hungarians, Italians, Poles, Czechs, Slovakians, French, Japanese.
  • Liberation:no formal 'liberation': Stalinist camps often lasted into the 1950s then converted to regular prisons. Spassk location abandoned now called 'Old Town'
  • 2.14 million people sent to camps in Karaganda area,

  • Conditions of Death: illness, hunger and sub-freezing temperatures.

  • organized in 1941.
  • Agricultural & mining Slavery

    • Mauthausen-Guzen-Ebensee/Castle Hartheim

  • Established as a Killing Center: 1938 with Anschluss

  • Over 37,000 deaths in Topf ovens; Total with all subcamps: 110,000

  • 49 Sub-Camps including Guzen (built nearer quarries), Ebensee (krema) and Castle Hartheim

  • Hartheim Deaths: 1,500,000 Including prisoners, ill, mentally ill, developmentally delayed.

  • Total Inmates: 81,000

  • Highest population: 19,800

  • Forms of Death: the "Baths": freezing showers to produce hypothermia in ill

    draggings, shootings, beatings, hangings, dog attacks, benzine injections, Hartheim:Jewish children injected in heart, thrown in quarries, bombed in quarries, : known for utter cruelty.

  • Prisoners sent to Hartheim deemed as "undesired return" and death through labor.

    • Majdanek

  • Founded 1941

  • Near Lublin Poland

  • Population: 500,000 1941-44

  • Death Count: 360,000

  • Five Krema, Active Daily

  • Method of Death: Gassings; Zyklon B

  • Population Make-up: Mostly young, under 26:

  • 6% Children

  • 1.1% Infants.

  • Liquidated: 1944

    • Melk

  • cccc

  • First 500 prisoners from Mauthausen

  • deaths, killings and slavery

  • slave labor in the quarries, mining of sand and quartz

  • 10,000 of the 14,000 perished there
  • Cause of Death: exhaustion, malnutrition, starvation, disease, gassings and phenol injections to the heart

  • in 1944, institution of a 'hidden ' gas chamber in which double tiled walls muted death cries

  • Liberation came on May 5,1945, 3.5 months after Auschwitz by the Red Army.

    • Mielec

    Mittelbau-Dora

  • Mittelbau-Dora

  • Mittelbau-Dora once a subcamp of Buchenwald, became independent in October of 1944.
  • 200 people were hung at Mittelbau-Dora because they did not finish a contracted rocket
  • Purpose:Mittelwerk production of the V-2 after the Baltic plant was bombed
  • Built in 8-43 by Buchenwald prisoners
  • 12,000 prisoners living underground by December 1943
  • increased by 3-45 to 40,000.
  • 3000 died in the first 3 months,
  • death rate grew to 2000 a month:estimated total of 20,000
  • Conditions:little or no food, no sanitation, no ventilation in humid temperatures under 50 degrees, in slave labor
  • Conditions:last days death march and killings by hanging, starvation, disease and abandonment.
  • US-33rd Armored Division liberated: found bodies were strewn in the bombed entrance.
  • Liberation occurred in 4-11-45
  • 2 months later US Forces 'relocated' rockets and materials (over 300 railcars full).

    • Neuengamme

  • Established: 1938
  • A D.E.S.T. Labor Camp: Mostly brick work, Canal Work and Later Armaments manufacturing
  • Death Rate: 50%

  • Subcamps: Estimates between 60-96 in area of Hamburg

  • 1940: Formerly becomes part of Lager system

  • Population-1940: 1100; many nationalities

  • Population-1941: 5000

  • Population-1945: 13,500

  • Total Population Estimates: Between 96,000 and 106,000

  • Death Count: @56,000; 10-30% Women

  • Conditions: Barbaric treatment, typhus epidemic-1941; poisoning of water, TB injections, medical experiments.

  • Methods of Death: Hangings, Shootings Gassings

  • Krema built 1942

  • Death March: 1945; May-10,000, 2-3000 put on ship which was bombed

  • Liberation: May 1945: British

    • Pechora

    Sobibor

    Treblinka

    Westerbork

    Zagreb-Jasenovac

  • DEATHS: 80,000-600,000: Larger Figures probably more accurate as determined by a commission in 1946. Many deaths covered by bone-crushing, cremations and mixing with soil.

  • MODE OF DEATH: starvation, stranglings, throat-cuttings, axings, and mass executions
  • VICTIMS: Mostly Jews, but included, Serbs, Gypsies and Political Opponents of the Ustache.

  • REKNOWN FIGURE: Fr. Brzica: "King of Cut-throats" 1400 victims

  • Records burned in 1943; 1945.

  • Sept 1941-1942:Šakovo, Tenje, and Loborgrad, Transit Camps for Croats established by Ustache.

  • 1942 Stara Gradiska Established [women & Children]

  • April 1945: Stara Gradiska closed by Croats.

  • May 1945: Yugoslav Partisans overtake Jasenovac.

    1Holocaust Era in Yugloslavia:1941-45: USHMM.

    • FOOTNOTES

  • Dachau Statistics from USHMM.ORG: United States Holocaust Memorial Center: Holocaust Learning Center: